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LNG Liquefaction Process Using Wound-Tube Heat Exchangers
LNG liquefaction processes benefit from the use of coil-tube heat exchangers, which offer advantages such as high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, low initial investment, and minimal footprint. These advanced heat exchangers can integrate multiple large-scale heat exchangers typically required in cascade liquefaction systems into a single multi-stream cryogenic heat exchanger capable of operating across a temperature range of 40 to -163°C. This not only reduces costs and saves space but also simplifies management—and the larger the system, the more economically viable it becomes, with lower energy consumption per unit of output. The heat exchanger is constructed by placing one or more sets of coiled, spiral-shaped tubes inside a shell, resulting in a compact design. Compared to straight tubes, this configuration provides a significantly larger heat transfer area while minimizing thermal stress. Additionally, it enables cross-flow heat exchange among various refrigerants, allowing for up to 10 or more streams of cryogenic fluids to pre-cool and exchange heat with each other. As a result, space utilization is maximized, and there are no dead zones for heat transfer—ensuring optimal performance at all times.
The spiral-tube heat exchangers used in LNG liquefaction processes have the following key features:
1 The media within the tubes flows in a spiral pattern, while the shell-side medium crosses countercurrently through the tube bundle—each layer winding in the opposite direction to counteract torque and simultaneously alter the flow dynamics. Meanwhile, heat transfer between the tube and shell layers occurs entirely through pure countercurrent flow.
Turbulence can be achieved even at lower Reynolds numbers, significantly enhancing the heat transfer coefficient.
2 Multiple media coexist during heat transfer, and the spiral-tube heat exchanger imposes fewer restrictions on pressure and temperature differences between the various media, simplifying both production and operation while enhancing safety performance.
3 Compact in design, it can be used in high-pressure applications and environments with stringent sealing requirements. Thermal expansion is self-compensating, ensuring no thermal stress is introduced.
4 Large-scale LNG liquefaction processes are easier to implement, and the larger the scale, the more cost-effective it becomes.
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Zhengdian Gold Industrial Park, Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
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